$¢PhytoKeys PhytoKeys 232: 133-144 (2023) DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.108474 Research Article A new species of lochroma Benth. (Solanaceae) from the eastern Andes of Colombia Andrés Orejuela’?®, Stacey D. Smith®®, Boris Villanueva, Rocio Deanna?*® 1 Grupo de Investigacion en Recursos Naturales Amazonicos-GRAM, Facultad de Ingenierias y Ciencias Basicas and Herbario Etnobotanico del Piedemonte Andino Amazonico (HEAA), Instituto Tecnoldgico del Putumayo-ITP Mocoa, Putumayo, Colombia 2 Herbario JBB, Subdireccion cientifica, Jardin Botanico de Bogota José Celestino Mutis, Bogota D.C., Colombia 3 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA 4 Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (IMBIV), CONICET-UNC, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, CC 495, 5000, Cordoba, Argentina Corresponding author: Andrés Orejuela (andres. orejuela@itp.edu.co) OPEN Qaceess Academic editor: Leandro Giacomin Received: 22 June 2023 Accepted: 28 August 2023 Published: 18 September 2023 Citation: Orejuela A, Smith SD, Villanueva B, Deanna R (2023) A new species of lochroma Benth. (Solanaceae) from the eastern Andes of Colombia. PhytoKeys 232: 133-144. https://doi.org/10.3897/ phytokeys.232.108474 Copyright: © Andrés Orejuela et al. This is an open access article distributed under terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (Attribution 4.0 International - CC BY 4.0). Abstract lochroma orozcoae A.Orejuela & S.D.Sm., sp. nov. (Solanaceae) is described from the Andean forests of Cundinamarca in the eastern cordillera of Colombia. lochroma oroz- coae was first collected by the eminent Spanish priest and botanist José Celestino Mutis in the late part of the 18" century, but the specimens have lain unrecognised in herbaria for over 200 years. The species shares many features with its closest relative, lochroma baumii S.D.Sm. & S.Leiva, but it differs from it in having small flowers with five corolla lobes and few inflorescences per branch, located near the shoot apex with 1 to 4 (-8) flowers, fruits that are greenish-yellow when ripe and its restricted geographic distribution. A description of |. orozcoae is provided, along with a detailed illustration, photographs of live plants, a comparison with closely-related species and a key to all Colombian species of lochroma Benth. In closing, we emphasise the value of historical collections for the knowledge of biodiversity. Resumen lochroma orozcoae A.Orejuela & S.D.Sm., sp. nov. (Solanaceae) se describe a partir de los bosques andinos de Cundinamarca, en la cordillera oriental de Colombia. lochroma orozcoae fue recolectada por primera vez por el eminente sacerdote y botanico espanol José Celestino Mutis a finales del siglo XVIII, pero los especimenes han permanecido sin ser reconocidos en herbarios durante mas de 200 anos. La especie comparte mu- chas caracteristicas con su pariente mas cercano, lochroma baumii S.D.Sm. & S.Leiva, pero difiere de esta en sus flores mas pequefas con cinco ldbulos de la corola y pocas inflorescencias por rama ubicadas cerca del apice de la rama, con 1 a 4 (-8) flores por inflorescencia, frutos verde-amarillentos al madurar, y su distribucio6n geografica restrin- gida. Se presenta una descripcion de /. orozcoae, junto con una ilustracion detallada, fotografias en vivo, una comparacion con las especies cercanamente relacionadas y una clave para las especies colombianas de Jochroma Benth. Finalmente, enfatizamos el valor de las colecciones historicas para el conocimiento de la biodiversidad. Key words: Andes, Colombia, lochroma, lochrominae, IUCN Red List, Solanaceae 133 Andrés Orejuela et al.: A new species of lochroma from Colombia Introduction lochroma Benth. (Solanaceae) is a neotropical genus that comprises approx- imately 30 species distributed from Colombia to Peru, with the highest con- centration of species found in the Peruvian Andes (Smith and Baum 2006). Members of lochroma are unarmed shrubs and small trees that display showy, tubular flowers and ovoid berries with an enlarging calyx. These species are typically found in cloud forest clearings and disturbed areas between 1800 and 2800 m altitude. Their flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds and insects (Smith and Baum 2006; Smith et al. 2008). The recently published Catalogue of the Plants and Lichens of Colombia (Bernal et al. 2016) reported three na- tive species for Colombia, the red-flowered lochroma fuchsioides Miers and lochroma gesnerioides (Kunth) Miers and the white-flowered lochroma arbo- rescens (L.) J.M.H.Shaw. Additionally, a recently-described Ecuadorian species, /. baumii S.D.Sm. & S.Leiva, has been mentioned for Colombia. Initially docu- mented from a single specimen collected by Cuatrecasas in Caldas in 1946 (Smith and Leiva 2011), its presence has been further confirmed by a subse- quent collection in a nearby locality during 2022. In addition to these species, we have made the remarkable rediscovery of an unusual Jochroma species that was first collected by José Celestino Mutis over 200 years ago during the Royal Botanical Expedition of the New Kingdom of Granada (1783-1816). This spe- cies does not correspond to any currently-recognised species within the genus. Recent collection efforts in the Municipality of Lenguazaque, Cundinamarca, located in the eastern Andes of Colombia and herbarium work have provided us with comprehensive material, enabling us to confirm the novelty and relation- ships of this species. Here, we provide a description of this species, [ochroma orozcoae A.Orejuela & S.D.Sm., sp. nov. along with a detailed comparison to its closest relatives, based on a phylogenetic analysis. We include an assessment of its conservation status and a dichotomous key for all lochroma species dis- tributed in Colombia to aid in identification. Material and method All specimens of the genus /ochroma from the Colombian herbaria COL, PSO, JBB and FMB and Ecuadorian herbaria QCA and QCNE (acronyms follow Index Herbariorum http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/) were revised to under- stand morphological variation across the genus, as well as major international herbaria that hold representatives from countries across the Andes (BM, E, F, K, MO). Herbarium material of the new species was collected in 2017 and 2021 and deposited at Herbario del Jardin Botanico de Bogota (JBB) and Herbario Nacional Colombiano (COL). Flowers and fruits were preserved in 70% alcohol to facilitate preparation of taxonomic descriptions and illustrations. For phylogenetic analysis, DNA was extracted from silica gel dried leaf ma- terial and three nuclear markers were sequenced (internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the granule-bound starch synthase (GBSSI or waxy) gene and the second intron of LEAFY (LFY)), following Deanna et al. (2019). GenBank acces- sion numbers for these sequences are MH763720, MH796580 and MH82214, respectively. We added these sequences to the dataset of Deanna et al. (2019) and carried out a partitioned Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analysis in the PhytoKeys 232: 133-144 (2023), DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.108474 134 Andrés Orejuela et al.: A new species of lochroma from Colombia RAxML blackbox (https://raxml-ng. vital-it.ch/). We chose GTR+gamma as the model of sequence evolution and assessed clade support with automatic boot- strapping (cut-off of 0.03). To map the distribution of the new species and its close relatives, speci- mens with coordinates were mapped directly and those lacking coordinates were located using Google Earth, GeoNames gazetteer (http://www.geonames. org) and GEOLocate Web service (https://www.geo-locate.org/default.html). Distribution maps were created using QGIS (QGIS Development Team 2023). Conservation assessments were made, based on the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2012) and the most recent guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2022). Herbarium material, field observa- tions and photos were all used to construct the identification key. Taxonomic treatment lochroma orozcoae A.Orejuela & S.D.Sm., sp. nov. urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77326965-1 Figs 1, 2 Type. COLOMBIA. Cundinamarca: via Ubate-Lenguazaque, carretera sin pavi- mentar, antes del sector conocido como las balsas, 5°20'2.5'N, 73°43'23'W, 2600 m elev., 27 August 2017, A. Orejuela & J. Castillo 2942 [holotype: JBB, (accession #JBB30649); isotypes: COL, HUA, HEAA]. Diagnosis. A lochroma baumii S.D.Sm. & S.Leiva affinis, sed paucarum inflo- rescentiae in ramum prope apicem germinis dispositae sunt, quae 1 ad 4 (-8) floribus, flores minores 1.5—2 cm longi; corolla quinque lobis constat, et fructus viridis-flavus colore maturo differt. Description. Shrub 1.5-3 m tall; young stems pubescent with branched hairs, older stems with corky bark. Leaves alternate, simple, (2.1—) 5.3-11.6 x (1.2-) 2.2-5.5 cm, elliptic; adaxial surface glabrescent; abaxial surface densely pu- bescent with branched hairs; base cuneate; margins entire; apex acute to atten- uate; petioles (0.4-) 0.8-2.5 (—3) cm. Inflorescences axillary on young branch- es near the shoot apex, 1 to 4 (-8)-flowered; pedicels 1.1-1.7 (—2) cm in flower, 1.6-2.4 cm in fruit, terete, pendulous, densely pubescent with many-branched hairs. Calyx 6-7 x 5-6 mm, tubular to slightly urceolate, green, with few to many-branched hairs, with five broadly triangular lobes, ca. 0.8 x 2—2.5 mm in flower, shallowly divided in flower, deeply divided in fruit, in fruit, the calyx ac- crescent 9-10 x 10-11 mm, lobes 4-5 x 7-8 mm; corolla 15-20 x 4-4.5 mm at anthesis, tubular, flaring at the mouth, the exterior deep blue-purple, with many simple or occasionally branched hairs, the pubescence increasing to- wards the mouth, the interior deep blue-purple, glabrous, the lobes 5, 2.6-2.8 x 2.2-—2.6 mm, acute to the apex and cucullate; stamens 5, included; filaments with simple and branched hairs, fused to the corolla at 3.8-5.2 mm from the base, with the free portion 7-11.4 mm long; anthers 3.5-5.2 x 1.3-1.7 mm, oblong, cream, longitudinally dehiscent; ovary 3.6-4.8 x 1.7-2.5 mm, pyriform, glabrous, with a yellow nectariferous disc, style 13-15 mm, the stigma green, clavate, bilobed. Berry 12-14 x 9-11 mm, slightly ovoid, greenish-yellow at ma- turity with 20 to 30 sclerosomes, the basal 3/4 enveloped in the accrescent fruiting calyx; seeds 110 to 170 per berry, 2-2.1 x 1.7-1.9 mm, yellow, reniform. PhytoKeys 232: 133-144 (2023), DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.108474 135 Andrés Orejuela et al.: A new species of lochroma from Colombia Figure 1. lochroma orozcoae A.Orejuela & S.D.Sm. A flowering branch B inner corolla surface, showing the stamens C flower. Detail is shown for the simple and branched hairs on the corolla D gynoecium E, F details of the stamens and anthers G fruit with persistent calyx H seed. Drawn by Omar Bernal from Orejuela & Castillo 2942 & Orejuela et al. 3407. PhytoKeys 232: 133-144 (2023), DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.108474 136 Andrés Orejuela et al.: A new species of lochroma from Colombia Figure 2. lochroma orozcoae A.Orejuela & S.D.Sm. A young branch B stem detail C, D leaf detail showing the abaxial and adaxial sides E floriferous branch with flowers in lateral view F floriferous branch with a flower in frontal view G fruits showing the accrescent appressed calyx. Photos by Andrés Orejuela. Etymology. This species is named in honour of Clara Inés Orozco Pardo, an Associate Professor of botany at the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Her dedication to the understanding of Colombian flora, particularly in the fields of taxonomy and systematics of PhytoKeys 232: 133-144 (2023), DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.108474 137 Andrés Orejuela et al.: A new species of lochroma from Colombia the Brunelliaceae and Solanaceae families, has been remarkable. She has also played a crucial role in mentoring several Colombian botanists, including the first author of this paper. Distribution and ecology. lochroma orozcoae is found in the Municipality of Lenguazaque, Cundinamarca Department, in the eastern Andes of Colombia, in the surroundings of the rock formation known as the Farallones de Len- guazaque, which is situated at an elevation of 2600 m (Fig. 3). The Farallones de Lenguazaque exhibit a vegetation type characteristic of high-altitude moun- tain ecosystems. The primary vegetation in this area comprises high Andean forest relicts of native forest, secondary forest, plantations of foreign species, grasslands and subparamo vegetation. Phylogeny. Jochroma orozcoae belongs to the “F” clade (Smith and Baum 2006) containing other northern Andean species (I. gesnerioides, |. fuchsi- oides, |. calycinum Benth. and |. baumii) with high bootstrap support (96%). The red-flowered species (/. gesnerioides and |. fuchsioides) are separated from the blue-flowered species (I. calycinum, |. baumii and |. orozcoae), but that split is not well supported. Amongst the blue-flowered members of the “F” clade, |. baumii and |. orozcoae appear as sister taxa with 59% bootstrap support (Fig. 4). Preliminary conservation status. Jochroma orozcoae is classified as a da- ta-deficient species (DD) due to the limited information on its abundance and distribution that is inadequate for comprehensively assessing its conservation status. The species has been collected only on four occasions, suggesting probable local rarity. The initial collection was made by José Celestino Mutis in 1783 from an unknown locality, followed by another by Oscar Haught in 1947 from Lenguazaque, Cundinamarca and a couple of recent collections by the first author from the same locality as Haught’s collection. Despite con- ducting an extensive search through specialised literature, the drawings of the Royal Botanical Expedition of the New Kingdom of Granada (1783-1816) and Mutis’ journals, the precise location of Mutis’ first collection remains un- known. We infer that the distribution of the species may be highly restricted, based on the small number of known collections from the same locality. As- sumptions regarding its scarcity and restricted distribution, however, require further studies. Living plants of /. orozcoae originated from seeds, collected at the type locality and are conserved ex situ in the living collections of the Jardin Botanico de Bogota. Discussion. Our phylogenetic analyses offer strong support for the place- ment of |. orozcoae in the northern Andean “F” clade from Smith and Baum (2006). However, it differs from all other species in its broader and denser pubescence on both its vegetative and reproductive parts, small corollas and less abundant inflorescences with fewer flowers (Figs 1, 2, 5). The new species shares with |. baumii and I. calycinum intensely pigmented flowers, which are variously described as purple, violet or blue (Fig. 5). In contrast to |. baumii and |. fuchsioides which have corollas with ten teeth (five major lobes and five smaller teeth alternating with the lobes), |. orozcoae has corollas with five teeth corresponding to the lobes. lochroma orozcoae is morphologically more sim- ilar to |. baumii. However, the new species is easily separated from /. baumii because it presents smaller flowers, 1.5-—2 cm long (versus 2.8—4.5 cm long), only a few inflorescences per branch, located near the shoot apex with 1 to 4 PhytoKeys 232: 133-144 (2023), DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.108474 138 Andrés Orejuela et al.: A new species of lochroma from Colombia 80°0’0,00 70°0°0,0"0 N A ' : y Atlantic 2 Ocean w 7 * ae - i ‘ iP ~"_ 10°0/0,0"N Venezuela mes Pacific Ocean -0°0'0,0" Brazil @ /ochroma baumii @ /ochroma fuchsioides @ /ochroma gesnerioides @ /ochroma orozcoae Met i) 1 1 Figure 3. Geographic distribution of |. orozcoae (orange circles) and closely-related spe- cies in the “F” clade with presence in Colombia, including /. baumii (red circles), |. gesne- rioides (green circles) and |. fuchsioides (blue circles). (-8) flowers (versus masses of inflorescences per branch in clusters typically on older, often leafless branches, rarely near the shoot apex, with 6 to 12 flow- ers per inflorescence), corolla with five lobes (versus a 10-lobed corolla) and, while the fruits of /. orozcoae ripen in greenish-yellow colour, those of |. baumii are greenish-purple when ripe. A detailed comparison between /. orozcoae and the remaining species in the “F” clade can be found in Table 1. The rediscovery of |. orozcoae over two centuries since the first collection by José Celestino Mutis in 1783 underscores the immense importance of histori- cal collections in documenting and describing botanical diversity and their po- tential contribution in setting conservation priorities within biodiverse regions. This is a widely-debated topic that is gaining increasing attention over time (Besnard et al. 2018; Albani Rocchetti et al. 2021; Vargas et al. 2023). In the case of I. orozcoae, the presence of the long undetermined specimens spurred renewed collecting efforts in the eastern Andean cordillera of Colombia, which continue to be the source for many newly-described taxa, some of which have PhytoKeys 232: 133-144 (2023), DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.108474 139 Andrés Orejuela et al.: Anew species of lochroma from Colombia 72 51 100 100 86 61 lochroma nitidum Trozelia grandiflora lochroma tingoanum Trozelia umbellatum lochroma amicorum 100 Vassobia breviflora Vassobia dichotoma Dunalia brachyacantha Dunalia spinosa lochroma parviflorum Eriolarynx fasciculata 100 | Eriolarynx lorentzii Eriolarynx australis Dunalia obovata Dunalia spathulata Saracha punctata | Saracha nigribaccata 77] Saracha quitensis 94 Saracha andina lochroma gesnerioides 96 lochroma fuchsioides lochroma calycinum lochroma baumii a lochroma orozcoae lochroma cornifolium lochroma cyaneum lochroma loxense lochroma stenanthum lochroma lehmanni lochroma salpoanum go( /ochroma confertiflorum 93 96 lochroma arborescens lochroma tupayachianum lochroma edule lochroma peruvianum lochroma ellipticum The “F” clade 100 0.01 subs/site 1 60 Figure 4. Maximum Likelihood phylogeny of lochrominae including the new species, |. orozcoae. Relationships based on three nuclear markers with taxon sampling following Deanna et al. (2019). Physalideae outgroups from Smith and Baum (2006) (Physalis peruviana L., Leucophysalis grandiflora (Hook.) Rydb., Witheringia solanacea L'Hér., Tubocapsicum anomalum (Franch. & Sav.) Makino and Deprea sachapapa (Hunz.) S.Leiva & Deanna) were used to root the tree and pruned for visual purposes. Bootstrap values above 50% are shown. Nomenclatural rearrangements are underway for lochrominae (Deanna et al., unpublished) given the non-monophyly of the genera. The clade denoted with an asterisk will remain assigned to the genus /Jochroma as it contains the type species (lochroma cyaneum (Lindl.) M.L. Green ex G.H.M. Lawr. & J.M. Tucker) and most of the species described in this genus. PhytoKeys 232: 133-144 (2023), DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.108474 remained elusive for many years (e.g. Granados-Tochoy et al. (2007)). Given the challenges associated with locating and collecting narrow endemics such as |. orozcoae, it will often be necessary to base descriptions on scant material so that perhaps in future, the timespan between additional collections of new species does not span centuries, an important consideration in the context of the ongoing efforts to conserve biodiversity. Additional specimens examined. Colombia. Cundinamarca: Ubate - Len- guazaque Highway, 2600 m elev., 16 September 1947, O.L. Haught 6188 (COL, US); 140 Andrés Orejuela et al.: A new species of lochroma from Colombia Figure 5. Species within the “F” clade of lochroma that are closely related to /. orozcoae A flowering branch of I. fuchsi- oides observed at Parque Recreacional y Bosque Protector Jerusalem, Malchingui, Ecuador B flowers of /. gesnerioides photographed at the Jardin Botanico de Bogota, Colombia C flowers of |. calycinum at the reserva Otonga, Sigchos, Cotopaxi, Ecuador D flowers and fruits of /. baumii observed close to the type locality in Papallacta-Baeza road, Quijos, Napo, Ecuador E flowering branch of /. baumii from populations from La Pastora, Caldas, Colombia F fruits of |. gesner- ioides photographed at the Jardin Botanico de Bogota, Colombia G fruits of |. fuchsioides photographed close to Pasto, Narifio, Colombia. Photos by Andrés Orejuela (B, C, F, G), Hal Mitchell (D), Nathaly Obregon (A) and Juan David Tovar (E). PhytoKeys 232: 133-144 (2023), DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.108474 141 Andrés Orejuela et al.: A new species of lochroma from Colombia Table 1. A morphological and geographical comparison of lochroma species in the “F” clade (sensu Smith and Baum (2006)), including the new species /. orozcoae. Geographical distribution Habitat Leaf size (cm) Leaf shape Inflorescence Calyx in flower Corolla Fruit lochroma orozcoae Eastern Colombia Partially altered high Andean forests and roadsides to 2600 m (2.1-) 5.3-11.6 x (1 2=)2:2=55 Elliptic Inflorescences axillary on young branches near the shoot apex, 1 to 4 (—8)-flowered Calyx 6-7 x 5-6 mm, slightly urceolate, green, with densely branched hairs Corolla 15-20 x 4-4.5 mm, deep blue- purple, 5-lobed Berry slightly ovoid ca. 1.2-1.4 x 0.9-1.1 cm, greenish-yellow when ripe lochroma baumii Ecuador and central Colombia Disturbed cloud forest habitats, such as pasture hedges, forest gaps and roadsides from 2600 to 3300 m (6-) 9-17 x (2.5-) 3-6 Elliptic to lanceolate Inflorescences axillary, typically on older, often leafless branches, rarely near the shoot apex, 6 to 12-flowered Calyx 4-9 x 3.8-6 mm, tubular to slightly urceolate, purplish- green, with few to many branched hairs Corolla 28-45 x 4-6 mm, deep blue-purple, 10-lobed Berry markedly ovoid 1.2-1.7 x 1-1.5 cm, green and purple when lochroma gesnerioides Ecuador and southern and central Colombia Common in middle to high elevations in cloud forests, pastures hedges and roadsides from 1800 to 3300 m 12-18 (-30) x 5-7.5 (-12) Elliptic to lanceolate Inflorescences axillary, in clusters with masses of flowers (with up ca. 120 flowers) along older or upper leaf nodes Calyx 3-5 x 4-5 mm, cup-shaped, green, with densely branched hairs Corolla 25-40 x 5-6 mm, red, orange-red, orange to salmon, 5-lobed Berry markedly ovoid, 1.3-1.8 x 0.9-1.3 cm green, reddish-brown or lochroma fuchsioides Peru, Ecuador and southern Colombia Common in middle to high elevations in cloud forests, pastures hedges and roadsides from 2400 to 3500 m 3.5-7 (-9) x 1.5-3 (5) Obovate to elliptic Inflorescences axillary, in small clusters of flowers (1 to 12 flowers) on young branches near the shoot apex or upper leaf nodes Calyx 7-13 x 4.5-5.5 mm, tubular to campanulate, green, hairless or with a few scattered branched hairs Corolla 20-30 x 6-7 mm, red to orange-red, 10-lobed Berry markedly ovoid, 1.6-2.5 x 1.2-1.7 cm, yellow, green or brown lochroma calycinum Ecuador and Peru Common in some areas of the wet cloud forest from 2000 to 3350 m 12-23 x 5-9 Elliptic to lanceolate Inflorescences axillary, in small clusters of flowers on young branches near the shoot apex (5 to 12 flowers) or older branches (1 to 6 flowers) Calyx 25 x 8-17 mm, inflated, elliptic, purplish, hairless or with a few branched hairs Corolla 50-65 x 4-8 mm, deep blue to purple, 5-lobed Berry markedly ovoid to conical, 2.3-3.5 x 1.4-2 cm, white when ripe ripe purple when ripe when ripe Lenguazaque, via Ubate-Lenguazaque, antes del sector Las Balsas, en cercanias de los farallones de Lenguazaque 5°20'0.25'N, 73°43'23"W, 2600 m elev., 04 Sep- tember 2021, A. Orejuela 3407 with H. Mendoza, J. Castillo. V. Luna, C. Luna & M. Mora (JBB, COL, HEAA); Colombia, sin. Loc., 01 January 1783, J.C. Mutis 636 (COL). Key to the Colombian species of lochroma Corolla 15-70 mm long, tubular, flaring at the mouth, red, orange-red, or- ange, deep blue or purple, calyx conspicuously accrescent in fruit, fruit a slightly to markedly ovoid to CONICal Dery ............ ce eeecceesscecsssececsenseeeseeees 2 Corolla 8-11 mm long, campanulate-infundibuliform, white, greenish or greenish-cream coloured, calyx non-accrescent or accrescent to an insig- nificant degree in fruit, fruit a globose berry............ lochroma arborescens Corolla red, orange-red Or OraNnGe-COlOULe .............cssccsesseccssssececsstseeesseees 3 Corolla deep blue or purple-COloured ...............cccccccesssecessnseceseeecesseeeeessneeees 4 Leaves usually pubescent; inflorescences with 30 to 120 flowers; calyx 3-7 mm long, cup-shaped, densely pubescent; corolla pubescent; anthers WSU AIC IU OE ee Reee ete ccatncessmithiutes eds Antena eo enemasenes lochroma gesnerioides Leaves usually glabrescent; inflorescences with 1 to 15 flowers; calyx 7-13 mm long, tubular to campanulate, glabrous or with a few scattered hairs; corolla glabrescent; anthers usually exserted or partially exserted... I sk 8 Reuse props ets De ny PEI yk ert ao lochroma fuchsioides PhytoKeys 232: 133-144 (2023), DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.108474 142 Andrés Orejuela et al.: A new species of lochroma from Colombia 4 Leaves (2.1-) 5.3-11.6 x (1.2-) 2.2-5.5 cm. Inflorescences few per branch, located near the shoot apex; flowers 1 to 4 (-8) per inflorescence; corolla 1.5-2 cm long, 5-lobed; berry greenish-yellow when ripe................. Fic G Naruse tie, mt reme ee davis cuenta ses lochroma orozcoae - Leaves (6-) 9-17 x (2.5-) 3-6 cm. Inflorescences many per branch, typ- ically in massive clusters on older, often leafless branches, rarely near the shoot apex; flowers 6 to 12 per inflorescences; corolla 2.8-4.5 cm, 10-lobed; berry green and purple when ripe ..................00 lochroma baumii Acknowledgements We would like to express our gratitude to herbarium curators for their assis- tance and granting permission to access the collections under their care. We are also thankful to the following colleagues for their valuable support and ex- pertise during our fieldwork in Colombia and Ecuador: Segundo Leiva, Gloria Barboza, Victor Luna, Juan David Tovar, Felipe Bohorquez, Jhoana Castillo, Di- ego Masmela and Humberto Mendoza. Special thanks go to Juan David Tovar and Felipe Bohorquez for their efforts in collecting and confirming the presence of |. baumii in Colombia. Lastly, we extend our appreciation to Hal Mitchell, Nathaly Obreg6n and Juan David Tovar for their live photographs, as well as to Omar Bernal for the excellent illustration accompanying this paper. We also thank Sandy Knapp, Gloria Barboza and Leandro Giacomin for their comments and suggestions, which improved this manuscript. Additional information Conflict of interest The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Ethical statement No ethical statement was reported. Funding AO and BV would like to acknowledge the Jardin Botanico de Bogota (JBB) for providing financial support for the fieldwork within the framework of the Flora de Bogota project. Publication of this article was funded by the University of Colorado Boulder Libraries Open Access Fund. Author contributions AO wrote the original draft and prepared the figures; RD and SDS performed the molec- ular analysis; AO, SDS, BV, and RD reviewed and edited the drafts. Author ORCIDs Andrés Orejuela © https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3511-1478 Stacey D. Smith © https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2010-4459 Boris Villanueva © https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6929-3572 Rocio Deanna ® https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8753-7596 PhytoKeys 232: 133-144 (2023), DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.108474 143 Andrés Orejuela et al.: A new species of lochroma from Colombia Data availability All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text. References Albani Rocchetti G, Armstrong CG, Abeli T, Orsenigo S, Jasper C, Joly S, Bruneau A, Zy- taruk M, Vamosi JC (2021) Reversing extinction trends: New uses of (old) herbarium specimens to accelerate conservation action on threatened species. New Phytolo- gist 230(2): 433-450. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17133 Bernal R, Gradstein SR, Celis M (2016) Catalogo de Plantas y Liquenes de Colombia [Catalogue of the Plants and Lichens of Colombia] (2 vols.). Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota. Besnard G, Gaudeul M, Lavergne S, Muller S, Rouhan G, Sukhorukov AP, Vanderpoorten A, Jabbour F (2018) Herbarium-based science in the twenty-first century. Botany Let- ters 165(3-4): 323-327. https://doi.org/10.1080/23818107.2018.1482783 Deanna R, Larter M, Barboza GE, Smith SD (2019) Repeated evolution of a morpho- logical novelty: A phylogenetic analysis of the inflated fruiting calyx in the Physali- deae tribe (Solanaceae). American Journal of Botany 106(2): 270-279. https://doi. org/10.1002/ajb2.1242 Granados-Tochoy JC, Knapp S, Orozco Cl (2007) Solanum humboldtianum (So- lanaceae): An endangered new species from Colombia rediscovered 200 years after its first collection. Systematic Botany 32(1): 200-207. https://doi. org/10.1600/036364407780360085 IUCN (2012) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1 (2"¢ edn.). IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK. www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/catego- riesand-criteria [Accessed: 1 February 2023] IUCN (2022) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 15. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Committee. http://www. iucnredlist.org/ documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf [Accessed: 1 February 2023] QGIS Development Team (2023) QGIS Geographic Information System v. 3.18. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. http://qgis.osgeo.org Smith SD, Baum DA (2006) Phylogenetics of the florally diverse Andean clade lochromi- nae (Solanaceae). American Journal of Botany 93(8): 1140-1153. https://doi. org/10.3732/ajb.93.8.1140 Smith SD, Leiva S (2011) A new species of lochroma (Solanaceae) from Ecuador. Novon 21(4): 491-495. https://doi.org/10.3417/2010061 Smith SD, Ané C, Baum DA (2008) The role of pollinators shifts in the floral diversifica- tion of lochroma (Solanaceae). Evolution 62(4): 793-806. https://doi.org/10.1111/ j.1558-5646.2008.00327.x Vargas CA, Bottin M, Sarkinen T, Richardson JE, Celis M, Villanueva B, Sanchez A (2023) How to fill the biodiversity data gap: Is it better to invest in fieldwork or curation? Plant Diversity. [in press] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2023.06.003 PhytoKeys 232: 133-144 (2023), DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.232.108474 144